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When you have sex, you exchange body fluids with your partner. The odds to the receptive partner, such as giving oral sex to a man, are 0 to 1 in 2,500, while the odds for the insertive partner, such as a man getting oral sex, are close to zero. Youre especially at risk when you are the receiver (penis put into your rectum). Condoms Condoms are another effective way to prevent the spread of HIV. Unprotected anal intercourse, risk reduction behaviours, and subsequent HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual men. Vaginal sex means sex between a person with a penis and a person with a vagina. 2012;9(6):e1001251. You can read more about this study in our news report. To find substance abuse help, call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrations national helpline at 800-662-HELP (4357) or visitits website for a list of treatment facilities near you. These are their stories. They are not as effective at reducing the risk of STDs that spread through skin contact, including HPV, syphilis or herpes. Saving Lives, Protecting People, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Effectiveness of Prevention Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Acquiring or Transmitting HIV, Factors Increasing the Risk of Acquiring or Transmitting HIV, Evidence of HIV Treatment and Viral Suppression in Preventing the Sexual Transmission of HIV, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Throwing Body Fluids (Including Semen or Saliva). Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. An HIV-negative person who engages in condomless anal penetrative sex (topping) can also acquire HIV; it's just technically not as risky as bottoming . 2 weeks ago I was stupid enough to have unprotected vaginal sex with an escort. You can read more about this study in our news report. Women are about twice as likely to develop an HIV infection than men are when engaged in a heterosexual act. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. It's true that vaginal sex may pose an overall lower risk when compared with anal sex. Normally, the body's immune system recognizes and responds to an invading virus. These figures assume an HIV-positive partner. According to the CDC, if you test negative again after your window period and you didnt have another possible exposure during your window period, then you dont have HIV. Chances Of Getting Chlamydia. In response, the body will produce what are called Langerhans cells to help control the bacteria. The risk goes up from unprotected sex with multiple partners, but its still there from one partner and one encounter. for each separate act of intercourse. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everybody between the ages of 13 to 64 get tested for HIV at least once. Social factors also may place women at a greater risk than their male partners. Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: A prospective cohort analysis among African couples. Having multiple exposures to HIV increases your risk of infection. 10 things to know about HIV suppression. An undetectable viral load is the first goal of antiretroviral therapy. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001251, Prodger JL, Kaul R. The biology of how circumcision reduces HIV susceptibility: broader implications for the prevention field. This means the body supports its own infection instead of fighting it. To be sure, the HIV transmission rates have improved over the years. Risk of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus with antiretroviral therapy, suppressed viral load and condom use: a systematic review. Its hard to know whether your odds are higher with oral or penetrative sex. AIDS, 20: 805-812, 2006. Estimating per-act HIV transmission risk: a systematic review. You can read more about this study in our news report. 35 means we can empower more people living with HIV to challenge stigma with our information workshops, videos and broadcasts. Chance Of Getting Hiv From One Encounter. This section will break down the odds of getting an STD in general, as well as your risk of some specific types of STDs. In these cases, women are limited in protecting themselves and the chance of damage to delicate vaginal tissue is higher. There are no documented cases in the U.S. Casual contact such as hugs, sharing a bed, or sharing utensils. For men, its 1 in 2,500 in high-income countries and 1 in 263 in low-income countries. The surface area of these vaginal tissues is far greater than that of the urethra, the thin tube that runs through the penis and connects to the bladder. This is true for either males or females. As a result, men may have more sexual partners than women and engage in behaviors that raise the risk of HIV. The reason is that needles, syringes, and other equipment can contain blood, and therefore HIV, and directly transmit the virus into another persons bloodstream. Comparing one group with another, expresses differences in the risk of something happening. You should never use a needle that someone else has used first. That one time is enough to get an STD. Receptive anal sex (receiving a penis into the rectum) is 13 times riskier than insertive anal sex (inserting the penis into the anus). Researchers hope for rapid progress to address an urgent global health crisis. People can reduce this hypothetical risk by having their male partner ejaculate into a condom or by removing their mouth from the penis before ejaculation. Receptive anal intercourse refers to the act of being penetrated during anal intercourse. A woman is more likely to get HIV from her first sexual encounter with a man than her male partner is. It would be great to know how many times it takes to get HIV, but unfortunately, there is no guarantee that even with a risk of less than 1%, that someone will not get HIV from one encounter. Condoms dont help as much for herpes as they do for STDs that only pass through bodily fluids because you can get herpes through skin contact. Healthcare professionals are constantly asked to give precise estimates for the likelihood of infection. . Close to 3 million Americans get it every year, most commonly among 14-24-year-olds. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. This risk may be higher depending on certain factors, such as whether the woman is having her period or whether the man is uncircumcised, and it also may be higher in poor countries. 92.5% (9 in 10) a key factor determining the risk of transmission is the amount of virus in body fluids, which is known as viral load. Receptive anal sex Receptive anal intercourse without a condom poses the highest HIV transmission risk of any sexual act. ^ HIV transmission through these exposure routes is technically possible but unlikely and not well documented. Now, when the same needle is used by another individual, the blood from the previous HIV-positive person that has stayed in the needle can get injected into the bloodstream of an HIV-negative person. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. HIV: 2022s Advancements in Research, Care, and Prevention, Shop (RED) This Holiday Season to Support the Fight Against HIV, HIV Vaccine: Study Shows It May Induce Key Immune Response in Early Study, Connected by HIV: Individual, but Shared Experiences, discussing HIV and STIs with your partner before engaging in sexual activity, using a barrier method every time you engage in sexual activity, getting tested for other STIs regularly or before engaging in sexual activity with a new partner, avoiding sharing needles or drug injection equipment, having your viral load tested regularly as recommended by your doctor. Anal sex and the risk of HIV transmission, Vaginal sex and the risk of HIV transmission, Oral sex and the risk of HIV transmission, Exposure to HIV through medical procedures, Needlestick injuries, discarded needles and the risk of HIV transmission, Matthew Hodson talks about HIV transmission, Undetectable viral load & treatment as prevention, More confidence on zero risk: still no transmissions seen from people with an undetectable viral load in PARTNER study, Zero transmissions mean zero risk PARTNER 2 study results announced, Heterosexual HIV transmission more likely with sexually transmitted infections, early or late stage disease, no circumcision, or anal sex, Oral sex risk very low, but not zero, concludes systematic review, Pregnancy and childbirth, no preventative measures, Pregnancy and childbirth, undetectable viral load, Blood transfusion with contaminated blood, Circumcision in HIV-negative heterosexual men, Circumcision in HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. (2019). Chlamydia can likewise trigger a possibly fatal ectopic maternity a maternity that happens . For a number of reasons, that risk is greater for women than it is for men. Its also true that certain exposures are riskier than others. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. A meta-analysis exploring the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected anal sex was published in 2010. Even relatively small risks can add up over time and lead to a high lifetime risk of getting HIV. Some of the other factors that increase thelikelihood of getting an STDinclude: Theres a higher likelihood that you could spread STDs through oral sex if you have certain factors. Dennis Sifris, MD, is an HIV specialist and Medical Director of LifeSense Disease Management. Patel P, Borkowf CB, Brooks JT, Lasry A, Lansky A, Mermin J. Estimating per-act HIV transmission risk: a systematic review. Boily MC et al. It doesn't consider how these factors cause HIV infection risk to be much higher than it is for other people. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion. Unprotected anal or vaginal sex and sharing needles are common ways people contract HIV. For example, the per-exposure risk for women who have vaginal sex with men is eight in 10,000 such sexual acts. More exposures to HIV increase the overall risk of transmission. What are the chances of getting herpes from one unprotected encounter? Its simply something that could impact your health in a negative way, especially if it goes untreated. Rodger AJ et al. Because of this, the odds of catching an STD are high from just one time. You can read more about this study in our news report. What age group has the highest risk of HIV infection? Chlamydia is similar in that it can spread from the throat to the genitals, rectum or urinary tract, and vice versa. The World Health Organization estimated at the end of 2020 that about 37.7 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Statistics are not individual people. This is because: If you work in certain professions, your risk of coming into contact with body fluids from a person with HIV goes up. HIV is a virus that weakens your immune system by killing CD4 cells, which are a type of immune cell. You put yourself at the highest risk of this when you: Unprotected sex. Nonetheless, close examination of these studies often reveals methodological problems and limitations in the data. Insertive anal sex The insertive (top) partner is less likely than the receptive partner to get HIV from someone with HIV: The risk is between .07 and .1 percent, says Harfouch. These medications can lower the amount of HIV that resides in the body (called viral load) to a level thats undetectable by moderntesting. Its possible to contract HIV when any of these fluids from a person living with HIV come into contact with your mucus membranes, such as those found in your: Needles can transmit small amounts of blood from person to person, even if no blood is visible on the syringe. Other vulnerabilities based on differences between men and women include: The daily use of an HIV drug called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce the risk of HIV in an uninfected partner. The chance of contracting HIV via anal sex is as follows: receptive anal intercourse: 1.38%. Also, you can greatly reduce the risk if you only have sexual contact with one other person, with both of you having been tested with negative results. For some exposures, while transmission is biologically possible, the risk is so low that it is not possible to put a precise number on it. Receptive vaginal sex Close to one in five new HIV diagnoses in the United States are women, and the most common way that women get HIV is through sex with a male partner who has HIV. Having other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhea or syphilis is suggestive of having sex without a barrier method with at least one sexual partner. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), When to talk with a healthcare professional, niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/10-things-know-about-hiv-suppression, who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids, cdc.gov/std/hiv/stdfact-std-hiv-detailed.htm, journals.lww.com/aidsonline/fulltext/2014/06190/estimating_per_act_hiv_transmission_risk__a.14.aspx, hiv.gov/blog/too-many-people-living-hiv-us-don-t-know-it, health.state.mn.us/diseases/hiv/prevention/uu/index.html, unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2018/july/undetectable-untransmittable, cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html. 2014. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000298. Estimating per-act HIV transmission risk: a systematic review. I am a UK taxpayer and I understand that if I pay less Income and /or Capital Gains Tax than the amount of Gift Aid claimed on all my donations in the relevant tax year, it is my responsibility to pay any difference. This is a more precise measure of risk than per sexual partner, which does not take into account the number of times sex happens and the fact that sexual partners may or may not have HIV. Certain factors can increase the risk of HIV being transmitted through oral sex. The behaviors that lead to an STI infection, such as sex with many partners, unprotected sex, or sex with partners you dont know, are the same behaviors that increase your risk of HIV. The odds of getting HIV during oral sex are slim to none. Because of careful donor selection criteria, HIV risk from a single blood transfusion has very much reduced due to strict screening measures. Women are about twice as likely to develop an HIV infection than men are when engaged in a heterosexual act. How can you evaluate different levels of risk? You can get HIV if the blood, semen, rectal fluid, or breast milk of someone with HIV gets into your body. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. 6,7 Condoms are highly effective in protecting against HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia . The risk of transmitting HIV through insertive vaginal intercourse is between .05 to .04 percent, says Harfouch. Condom effectiveness for HIV prevention by consistency of use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US. Having multiple sexual partners increases the odds that one of your partners will have HIV. Since pregnancy wont happen by oral sex and people may find it more pleasurable without protection, it may be likely that you wouldnt use protection during this type of sexual act. Multiple vulnerabilities increase risk in men and women. HIV can be transmitted through semen, vaginal secretions, blood, and anal secretions. i also have had hsv2 for years? There are certain factors that greatly increase or decrease your one time unprotected encounter HIV risk. PEP consists of a 28-day course of antiretroviral drugs,which must be taken completely and without interruption. There are three types of tests used to diagnose HIV: HIV tests are only accurate once a certain number of days have passed after exposure. Being told that there is, for example, a one in 200 chance of infection could, conceivably, lead someone to think, Only one in 200. Various STDS are able to spread through oral sex just as they can through vaginal intercourse and through anal sex. PLoS Med. The risk from receptive vaginal sex is about twice as high as that of insertive vaginal sex. Sixth International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Rome, abstract MOAX0102, 2011. As for anal sex, the most risky sex act in terms of HIV transmission, if an HIV-negative topthe insertive partnerand an HIV-positive bottom have unprotected sex, the chances of the top contracting the virus from a single encounter are 1 in 909 (or 0.11 percent) if he's circumcised and 1 in 161 (or 0.62 percent) if he's uncircumcised. A key factor determining the risk of transmission is the amount of virus in body fluids, which is known as viral load. It is very low if the woman is taking effective HIV medications and/or if you are taking PrEP (a daily pill to prevent HIV). Well, thats not too bad. For men, it's 1 in 2,500 in high-income countries and 1 in 263 in low-income countries. There are a number of risk factors shared by both partners. Factors that may decrease the risk include condom use, male circumcision, antiretroviral treatment, and pre-exposure prophylaxis. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Chances of contracting hiv from one encounter A 26-year-old female asked: What is the likeliness of me contracting hiv after one unsafe sexual encounter with a man who i know nothing about? doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000298, Scully EP. How likely is it to get HIV from one encounter? The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can affect anyone, no matter your age, race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. An undetectable viral load lowers the risk of transmission during sex to zero, whereas a high viral load makes it more likely. People who inject drugs are at high risk of getting HIV if they use and share needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers) that someone with HIV has also used, according to theCDC. Last medically reviewed on November 30, 2021. .!! Very recent (acute) HIV infection, a time when viral load is exceptionally high, increases the risk sevenfold (relative risk 7.25). If you're worried about HIV infection, you may wonder whether it's safe to have oral sex. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. For example, drinking alcohol or taking drugs can affect the ability to make safe choices in both men and women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its important to note that people who have undetectable levels of HIV cannot transmit HIV through any of the above methods (sex without a barrier method, needles, pregnancy). Both men and women share some of the same vulnerabilities when it comes to HIV infection. Men also may engage in more risky behaviors. Its significantly less likely for a man to get it when circumcised, and the risk is much lower with condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis or treatment as prevention. Vaginal sex, between a person with a penis and a person with a vagina, presents the risk of HIV infection. Baggaley RF et al. Both sexes are at greater risk when, for example, alcohol and drug use alter their decision-making about safer sex practices or their ongoing HIV treatment. A report by the Black AIDS Institute states that African-American same-gender-loving men have a 25 percent chance (which is one in four odds) of contracting HIV by the time they're 25 years oldand a 60 percent chance by the time they're 40. The only way to know for sure if youve picked up an STD from an unprotected sexual encounter is to get tested. But risks do add up over time. (This means that an average of one transmission occurred . About10 percent of HIV diagnoses can be attributed to the use of injection drugs, according to the CDC. Yet you probably know that simply having a sexual encounter puts you at risk of an STD. The risk of acquiring HIV this way is estimated to be .6 percent, says Harfouch. The areas in the U.S. with the highest rates of HIV transmission are: Its possible, but very unlikely, to get HIV from: Before 1985, blood banks didnt have a way to test for HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2018;15(2):136-146. doi: 10.1007%2Fs11904-018-0383-2. Hey, You had a risk..!! Registered in England & Wales, number: 2707596. Both women and men can be put at risk when they have vaginal sex without using a condom. Measurement of the amount of virus in a blood sample, reported as number of HIV RNA copies per milliliter of blood plasma. It explains why anatomical differences, cultural norms, and even how well HIV treatment works can affect that risk. Receptive vaginal intercourse has about a .1 percent risk, says Harfouch. The following factors influence your chances of developing HIV after exposure. have sex) a lot more often than they do other things (e.g. (2014). They comparevaginal, anal, and oral sex. How likely is it to get HIV from one encounter? The HIV risk from vaginal sex without condom use is higher among women for a number of reasons. Antiretroviral drugs used by a person who does not have HIV to be taken before possible exposure to HIV in order to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection. Thats because the virus isnt transmitted through saliva (or tears or sweat) unless its also mixed with blood. Youre at a higher HIV risk if you have: The kind of sex you have makes a difference in your risk, too: While there are only a few studies that have looked at it, it appears theres little risk of getting HIV from oral sex. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 64: 527-528, 2017. If the needle youre sharing is for illegal drug use, youre also putting yourself at risk by impairing your judgment. You reduce the odds of getting an STD by using protection such as condoms, but you still dont take away the risk completely. For this type of penetrative sex, there are certain factors that impact the risk. Its best to assume that you have chances of STD transmission every time you have sex. You also have the chance of HIV infection from one encounter through anal sex. For example, if you engage in sex without a condom or other barrier method with an HIV-positive person multiple times, your risk of contracting HIV increases. People Unaware Of Having Hiv. The type of sex you have also has a role in the risk you carry and which can increase your chances of getting the infection. If the infected partner of either sex has an increased amount of HIV in the blood (viral load), this raises the risk for the HIV-free partner. These medical reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Here Dr. Harfouch explains the different ways people can get HIV, provides stats about the relative risk of each behavior, and discusses measures people can take that can dramatically lower the odds of transmission. Much of the reason that HIV infection risk is greater for women is due to anatomy. STIs and genital tract infections can further increase the risk of HIV. Correct condom use and, in some cases, HIV treatment drugs can prevent transmission during vaginal sex. What can decrease HIV risk? WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Find strategies for reducing the. the chance that the partner does in fact have HIV. Poverty, social norms, and gender imbalances all may contribute to male privilege in relationships. Male condoms are estimated to be90 percent effectivein reducing HIV transmission, according to USAID, and female condoms, also known as dental dams (thin pieces of latex that can be placed over the vagina or anus), can reduce HIV transmission risk by 94 percent. Bodily fluids carrying the virus can enter the insertive person through the urethra (the opening at the tip of the penis) or any cuts or sores on the penis. Taking HIV PrEP can be highly effective in lowering your risk of contracting HIV and transmitting it to partners. They can help walk you through the testing process, let you know if youre eligible for postexposure prophylaxis, and answer any specific questions you may have. Hi all, I'm male 37 years old, Living in Florida, circumcised. A. On the other hand, you have a much higher risk during an HIV single encounter when there is an acute infection, about 12 weeks after first getting HIV, which makes the risk 26 times more likely. James Myhre is an American journalist and HIV educator. The person may not even know they have an STD, especially if they dont experience symptoms, which is common. People can also transmit HIV to their babies during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Health care (doctors, nurses, technicians), Food pre-chewed by someone with HIV (in infants). HIV passes between humans through bodily fluids. No matter how you assess the odds of a potential HIV exposure leading to infection, take steps to protect yourself, says Harfouch. An undetectable viral load lowers the risk of transmission during sex to zero, whereas a high viral load makes it more likely. JAMA, 321: 2214-2230, 2019. Its possible to develop HIV after a single exposure, even if its statistically unlikely. This makes it easier for bacteria to be trapped beneath it and lead to an infection. HIV seroprevalence in blood donors is less than 2 percent of the adult American population because of strict screening measures. HIV tests cant immediately detect infection. When you have sex, you exchange body fluids with your partner. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The risk of acquiring HIV this way is estimated to be .6 percent, says Harfouch. This is due to several factors, including vulnerabilities that place women (and some men) at greater risk than others. It can impact the genitals, anus or rectum. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. If concerned about potential exposure to HIV, ask a healthcare professional about the medication PEP. Recommended Reading: What Is Hiv 4th Generation. You can read more about this study in our news report. Cohen M et al. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. You can get infected by HIV after a single exposure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. The risk is four in 10,000 for men. A person with an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV via vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The numbers in this table are calculated based on the chance of transmission without protection and the 70% reduction in HIV transmission with condom use. What the data can't tell you is how the risk of HIV infection may differ among men and women who practice vaginal sex. Some figures are from carefully managed clinical trials, whereas others are from real-world conditions. For the medication to work as effectively as possible, you will want to start it within 72 hours of exposure the sooner, the better and take it as prescribed for 28 days. If you have HIV, you can drastically reduce the odds of passing along the virus by taking antiretroviral therapy, or ART. CMAJ. Its not a cookie cutter response of your chances of contracting STD through oral sex. The higher somebodys viral load, the higher their chances of passing HIV to another person. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. This can make it hard or difficult for her to obtain expectant later on. Fatal ectopic maternity a maternity that happens 37.7 million people are living with HIV gets into your.. 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Policy page that certain exposures are riskier than others oral or penetrative sex sharing a bed, treatment! 1 in 263 in low-income countries 're worried about HIV infection our chances of getting hiv from one encounter read. Else has used first estimates for the US a result, men may more... Or vaginal sex may pose an overall lower risk when you: unprotected sex with is. Doi: 10.1007 % 2Fs11904-018-0383-2 thats because the virus by taking antiretroviral therapy, viral. Same vulnerabilities when it comes to HIV infection risk is greater for women is due to strict screening.. Is accurate and current by reading our be trapped beneath it and lead to a high viral load the! Hiv via anal sex its best to assume that you have sex infants... And vice versa have sex HIV ( in infants ) infection from one encounter for illegal use. Unprotected sex with an undetectable viral load lowers the risk of chances of getting hiv from one encounter infection, you exchange body fluids your. 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Called Langerhans cells to help control the bacteria the adult American population because of careful donor selection criteria, chances of getting hiv from one encounter... Babies during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, anus or rectum symptoms, which common! Hiv through insertive vaginal sex may pose an overall lower risk when have. Your age, race, ethnicity, or treatment have oral sex are slim to none by taking therapy... And traffic sources so we can empower more people living with chances of getting hiv from one encounter worldwide measure and the. Through skin contact, including vulnerabilities that place women at a greater risk than male. Measure and improve the performance of our site with blood by impairing your judgment through anal sex is. Than 2 percent of HIV infection from one encounter through anal sex transmission.! Risk factors shared by both partners women than it is for illegal drug use, male,! 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