Germany continued to consolidate its control over the coast through agreements with local leaders backed up by military expeditions. One critical concession was to require that laws applying to both states could only be adopted by the federal assembly if a majority of deputies in both federated states vote for them. The leader of the self-declared Governing Council of Ambazonia, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, is among the 10 who have been convicted A leader of Cameroon's separatist movement, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, and nine of. However, many towns and villages in the hinterlands had no German administration and may have only seen German soldiers a handful of times. [25], On 21 April 1961, UN resolution 1608 (XV) set 1 October 1961 as the date of independence for the Southern Cameroons. On the other hand, Cameroon's state Army is using shrewd military tactics against the guerilla warfare of these militias. Equatorial State Counties (demonym; Equatorian): County Flag of Fako. Red stands for the strength of the people. Across the country, Fulani have been accused of killing thousands of Nigerians amounting to crimes against humanity and genocidal massacres against Christians, according to Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch. If independent, Ambazonia would share maritime boundaries with Nigeria , the Republic of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea . Countries of Africa: . The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. The top of Mount Cameroon has a polar climate of the tundra variant, unique in West Africa and extremely rare so close to the Equator.[64]. District Officers/Prefects are responsible for management of infrastructure, services and justice and may seek advice from tribal leaders if needed. [41] The violence led to additional demonstrations, general strikes (called "lockdowns"), and further crackdowns by the government into early 2017, including the banning of civil society organizations, cutting off phone and internet connections from January to April,[42] and arrests of demonstrators. Ambazonia is characterized by two main landscapes. By Office Phone: (301) 593-4879. This settlement which was later named Victoria (now Limbe, Cameroon) after the then Queen Victoria. 994th Plenary meeting. Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. In 1858,. [35] Biya stated that he had taken the step to affirm Cameroon's political maturity and to demonstrate that the people had overcome their language and cultural barriers but many in Southern Cameroons saw it as yet another step to erase their separate culture and history. Daniel, the Ambazonian deputy defense chief, acknowledged the potential regional impact of the alliance but said that after almost five years of low-level armed conflict in Cameroon, there was no other choice. Most recently, in early April, armed gunmen attacked a prison in Imo state, situated in the Biafra region, and aided in the escape of nearly 2,000 prisoners. A county may secede from a state and become a state or join another state based on a referendum that supports it. What have we learned so fShow morear, and how can we apply those lessons to make sure we dont sleepwalk into yet another war? The Nigerians have failed to act, the international community has failed to act, so we have no other choice but to get into an alliance that can better our chances to defend ourselves.. Remember the adage that generals always fight the last war? The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. More ways to stay updated on global news: By submitting your email, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and to receive email correspondence from us. 1961. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory.No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between . European and Asian leaders began to call the IRA unfair competition and protectionist. Any of the states can secede from the federation based on a referendum that supports it, provided certain constitutional laws and human rights are broken. In order to prevent the outbreak of an armed uprising, Cameroon's president must go beyond superficial measures by urgently implementing key reforms and pursuing inclusive, high-level dialogue mediated by the UN or African Union. s = b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; Security. Red disk stands for the blood shed by the people for the struggle and courage. Symbolism (Green stand for the Land. Youre on the list! In 1972, Cameroon held a controversial referendum which changed the form of the state. Prince Ojong. The bay, which is located in southwestern Cameroon, is considered to be the border between southern Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon. Flag of the Cameroon 19611975 with two stars representing the two federated states, Federal Republic of Cameroon and 1972 Constitution (19611972), Unitary state and growing Anglophone discontent (19722015), Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999), African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front, Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Who are Cameroon's self-named Ambazonia secessionists?". Delivered Thursday. ), Flag of the Midland State. Not included in this total of "countries" and listed separately are: Dependencies (or dependent territories, dependent areas) or Areas of . Ambazonia Interim Government, a separatist group in Cameroon, has emphasised that its agitations for a separate country have nothing in common with that of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). Relations with the Islamic Republic of Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon are heated. The Federal Republic of Ambazonia ( Southern Cameroons) is an unrecognised and disputed region located in the armpit of Africa, a crossroad between west and central africa, on the Gulf of Guinea. Explore the benefits included in your subscription. Nigerian authorities have used lethal force against peaceful pro-Biafra protesters, which has left at least 150 civilians dead, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. Weekly update on whats driving U.S. national security policy. The party with a majority vote within a county forms the county government. n.callMethod ? Beyond the vast opportunity manifest in African markets, we highlight people who make a difference; leaders turning the tide, youth driving change, and an indefatigable business community. Cameroonian President Paul Biya does not want anything. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. The only other country is Eritrea that beat Ethiopia to the game. n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments) In November 2016, a number of large protests and strikes were organized, initially by Anglophone lawyers, students, and teachers focused on the growing marginalization of English and Anglophone institutions in the law and education. The lesson I take from this is that domestic grievances, when allowed to fester, can ultimately convulse into broader conflicts and brother crises and armed conflicts, which could have devastating consequences on a transnational basis, said Christopher Fomunyoh of the U.S.-based National Democratic Institute. [26] In July 1961, the Southern Cameroons and the French Cameroon Republic delegations met in Foumban, a town in French Cameroon near the border with Southern Cameroons. Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. All the roads in West Cameroon my government had either built, improved or maintained were allowed to deteriorate making Kumba-Mamfe, Mamfe-Bamenda, Bamenda-Wum-Nkambe, Bamenda-Mom inaccessible by road. Ambazonia: Cry The Beloved Country; Showcase Nigeria's Greatness. A development in which Fulanis become major actors, for better or for worse, in a country like Cameroon then gets exacerbated in Nigeria because of its own demographics and population categorizations, said Fomunyoh, of the National Democratic Institute. Want to read more on this topic or region? From the late 1800s until 1916, Germany held sway over a vast territory it called Kamerun, geo-engineered to reach the heart of the Sahel at Lake Chad. The English speaking people of Southern Cameroons are demanding an independent, sovereign nation they call Ambazonia.Thanks for watching, please kindly Subsc. Tensions between the Fulani and the Biafrans and English-speaking Cameroonians date back decades. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. Last month, leaders from both movements announced a formal alliance, which could ignite violence and instability in the two countries and across the West and Central African regions where violent extremist organizations affiliated with the Islamic State and al Qaeda are establishing a strong foothold. Required fields are marked *. Reports of indiscriminate killings, torture, rape and other gender-based violence by both sides have been widely reported. China, Russia are 'destabilizing' Africa, warns . Of late, we at FP have been wondering: What can Russias war in Ukraine teach the world going forward? Surrounded by water from all directions, Africa is a continent with clearly defined borders. [11][12] Other sources may also refer to "Southern Cameroons", "Anglophone Cameroon" or "Cameroon's Anglophone regions". The hills stand for the terrain of the land and determination to succeed. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on. In 1858, the British missionary Alfred A few weeks later, Britain and France issued a statement known as the Simon-Milner Declaration, delineating the frontiers between the British Cameroons and French Cameroon. Secession related crises are fast becoming omnipresent in Africa and have led to the fragmentation and division of many nations. Placing the blame for Cameroon's underdevelopment and poorly implemented public policies on the federal structure and arguing that managing separate governments in a poor country was too expensive, he announced a referendum on a new constitution, which did away with the federal structure in favor of a unitary state and granted more power to the President. Let us see if the so-called Human "Rice" Watch will utter a statement. From the east and southeast, it is surrounded by the Indian Ocean . For barrister Henry Baaboh, there is no need for a referendum like the ones which were held in Spains Catalan region or the Kurdish territory in Iraq. All three states are further divided into 13 counties,[15] represented by the 13 Stars of the national flag, and in turn further divided into 61 Districts (Local Government Areas) and further into Sub-Districts. On April 26, five government security forces were killed in Port Harcourt. A/60/40, Vol. Cameroon cracks down on Anglophone separatists. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a population of over 25 million ( 2019 ). Midland State Counties (demonym;Midlanda): Flag of Lebialem County. The Indian government has tread carefullyand invited trouble. FPs Winter 2023 print issue brings together 12 experts to help us answer those questions. Then RusShow moresia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. A year after the invasion, Ukraine is riddled with Russian collaborators and sympathizers. The lowlands along the coast and the river valleys of Manyu, both of which are parts of the Benue Trough, are warmer. [55][56] Peace talks mediated by the Swiss government have fallen apart multiple times, primarily due to factional divisions and lack of actual control over militias by separatist leaders making even preliminary steps difficult. Calls for secession are growing and an Anglophone separatist movement in the south-west and north-w. [19] Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence as a separation nation, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called for plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons with two alternatives for ending the trusteeship: joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. Among the 10 who were convicted was Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, the leader of the so-called Governing Council of Ambazonia - the name separatists have given to Cameroon's Anglophone North-West and South . n.queue = []; Further east towards Cameroon a series of volcanoes like the Manengouba or Kupe can be found. The 13 counties are governed by county-ministers; these individuals are chosen by political parties as candidates to govern the area and are voted into office during State elections (which occur every two years, similar to the U.S. Meanwhile, Cameroonian security forces have funneled weapons to the Mbororo communities that have gone on to attack English-speaking farmers, a CHRDA report notes. Olive tree branch stands for Peace and the Hammer stands for Determination of the people). Browse Ambazonia news, . [24], Flag of Donga-Mantung. By the time British Southern Cameroons and French Cameroun gained independence in 1961, the French territory was more economically developed than its British counterpart. [31], Flag of Manyu.Symbolism (Green stands for the growth. Tribal leaders are recognized by the constitution and have tribal authority. [10][11][12] Headed by economist, politicians, businessman and lawyers who are either in exile or in the diaspora, the Anglophone Crisis has prolonged due to the determination of separatists forces and diaspora funding. European traders from several nations visited Ambas Bay beginning with the Portuguese in the 1470s. There are 54 countries in Africa today, according to the United Nations. Blue stands for the Menchum River and surrounding lakes, as well as Liberty. [60] France, the UK as well as the European Parliament have also expressed concern and pushed for negotiations between the parties to resolve the crisis. [6] Ambazonian forces have struggled to form a united front, and internecine conflicts have hampered efforts to negotiate with Cameroon or establish control over the various militia groups engaged in the fighting. green stands for the fertility of the land, prosperity and growth. Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 Symbolism (Blue stands for the Ndian River, Akpa Yafe River, the Ocean and Liberty. And what happens if the United States and China continue down a path of decoupling? 1134/2002, U.N. Doc. Dispatch: White stands for Hope and peace. ecent alliance between the separatist groupsIndigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in Nigeria, and Cameroon's breakaway state Ambazoniacan trigger instability in the West Africa region, a Foreign Policy report has said.. Last month, IPOB leader Nnamdi Kanu and Cho Ayaba, leader of the Ambazonian Governing Council appeared in a press conference, livestreamed on social media, to announce a . [34], Flag of Meme. [57], The war has been characterized by guerilla attacks by separatist militias against both security forces and against civilians suspected of collaboration or simply failing to abide militia's declared school and election boycotts or "lockdowns" which prevent all travel and activity. Fax number: 240-556-0535 Cameroons Anglophone Crisis: How to Get to Talks? On the west towards the border to Nigeria the lowlands of the Mamfe basin can be found. Briefing House of Commons Library", "Report for the US Department of Justice: Pressure Groups in Southern Cameroons", "1608 (XV) The future of the Trust Territory of the Cameroons under United Kingdom administration. The State flag is raised alongside the National flag on State institutions or State property, while the County flag is raised alongside both the State flag and National flag on local or county institution or property.[22]. Green stands Fertility of the land. Yellow/Gold stands for wealth and justice. Moreover, Nigerian and Cameroonian security forces have repeatedly violated human rights to quell the protests. No. [8], Armed separatists are split into dozens of guerilla groups of various sizes, many of which have joined the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council (ASC) under the Interim Government. As a young boy, I knew of the West Cameroon Federation State and the East Cameroon Federation State.. The Bahamas represents how global capitalism can go very right, and very wrong, at exactly the same time. Boko Haram is an Islamist militant rebel group that has been carrying out brutal attacks on towns in Northern Nigeria since 2011. In December 2020, Kanu announced the creation of the Eastern Security Network, a pro-Biafra paramilitary wing, which Nigerian authorities have accused of carrying out a spate of attacks this year. A Biafra-like agitation for independence has been unfolding in neighbouring Republic of Cameroon since November 2016. Stay updated on the topics you care about with email alerts. }; [7] Ongoing violence has led to widely reported human rights abuses by both sides, including indiscriminate killing of civilians, torture, rape and gender-based crimes, and unjustified detentions and kidnappings. Until 1961, the region was a British colony, Southern Cameroons, while the rest of Cameroon was a French colony, French Cameroon. Rooster stands for Courage, leadership and protection.[28]. [4] Over time, the power of the central government, dominated by Francophones, expanded at the expense of the region's autonomy. Mountains stands for the Two peaks of mount Fako (Mount Cameroon), determination and leadership. [34] In February 1984, Biya changed the official name of the country from the United Republic of Cameroon the name adopted after unification with the Southern Cameroons - back to the Republic of Cameroon. The name Ambazonia comes from Ambas Bay, the area of a settlement of freed slaves which is regarded as the boundary between Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon. Similar communal violenceoften following farmer-grazer and ethnic lineshas flared across Mali, Niger, Chad, and Burkina Faso. Located between the Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa, during the colonial era the country's southern part . The Nigerian and Cameroonian militaries are well equipped and well trained, as both countries receive military support and training from foreign governments including the United States, France, and the United Kingdom for anti-terrorism efforts. The Tide. Ainsi va l'Afrique. Report of the United Nations Commissioner for the Supervision of the Plebiscites in the Southern and Northern Parts of the Trust Territory of the Cameroons Under United Kingdom Administration", "The Anglophone Cameroon Crisis. The Ambazonia and Biafra Alliance is critical in an area where Nigeria and Cameroon have established two autocracies that have used violence as political tools to suppress our own peoples.. Ambazonia must be an independent African country Kontak stasiun radio. FPs Ravi Agrawal sat down with industry leaders at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, to discuss how businesses can build resilience amid a turbulent geopolitical era. White flower stands for hope, rebirth and peace. It raises the question: How do companies with large global footprints decide which side to pick? [15] This boundary was recognized internationally in 1922 and Britain and France were given control of their respective regions as League of Nations Mandates. Green stands for the Fertility of the land. Still, escalating violence in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon will only add to national and regional security challenges at a time when the region is already struggling with plummeting economies, democratic backsliding, and a resurgence of violent extremism and terrorism. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. So this is very big for our cause, in our fight against these Fulani, particularly those who are coming in from Nigeria.. Ambazonia News would "thank God" for saving Africa from the worst of the pandemic but that too is one of the biggest weaknesses of the African continent! The unrest usually comes with devastating impacts largely responsible for the continent's current economic and social retardation. [17] In 1953, the Southern Cameroons representatives in the Eastern Nigerian Legislature demanded a separate regional government for the Southern Cameroons with seat in Buea. Ambazonia enjoys good relations with members of the West African Union, and other Anglophone African nations. Source link, Your email address will not be published. IPOB was designated a terrorist group in Nigeria in September 2017. In 1993, the All Anglophone Conference took place in Buea bringing together all Southern Cameroons citizens who called for the restoration of the federal system. I was to be used now only as window dressing and not listened to. Districts are further divided into Sub-Districts (Wards) headed by a Ward councilor who is appointed by a District Officer. Immigration officers walk on a bridge built in 1948 that connects Nigeria with Cameroon at Mfum border station in Cross Rivers State, southeast Nigeria on February 1, 2018. Against a backdrop of bomb blasts, sporadic violence and repressive state measures, Cameroon's Anglophone crisis has entered a new and intensified phase. In response, armed separatist groupswith substantial funding from Anglophone Cameroonians living abroad, according to a local aid worker who asked to remain anonymousrapidly mobilized against government security forces. Other major cities in the subregion include Mogadishu in Somalia, and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Biafrans and Anglophone Cameroonians share a common enemy: Fulani herders, a nomadic ethnic group present across West and Central Africa. History. fbq('init', '157204581336210'); The biggest city in Eastern Africa is Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, which has a population of approximately 6.5 million people. 2 global climate envoy, joined FP editor in chiefRavi Agrawal to discuss Washingtons climate policy, and how it is being seen around the world. Briefing: Cameroon's intensifying conflict and what it means for civilians, "Gorji Dinka Releases Ambazonia Message | CameroonPostline", "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", "Colonial Administrative Integration of African Territories: Identity and Resistance in Nigeria's Southern Cameroons, 19221961", "United Nations Trusteeship Council. [22][23][24] While many Southern Cameroonians resented the lack of an independence option, the disappointment with Nigerian administration which had fed the push for further autonomy and hope that a more equal federation could be had with Cameroon led to a majority in favor of "reunification" with Cameroon. In 1858, British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the bay which was later renamed Victoria. function facebookTracking() { Allied naval superiority allowed the swift capture of the Cameroonian coast, cutting the Germans off from reinforcement or resupply. The Sun stands for a new era. Under the Lyttleton Constitution of Nigeria in 1954, Southern Cameroons gained limited autonomy as a Quasi-Region within the Nigerian Federation. Golden Star stands for Leadership).[32]. According to John Campbell of the Council on Foreign Relations, separatist sentiment has been growing in Nigeria since Muhammadu Buharis 2015 presidential election. [17] d provide massive tax credits to programs investing in clean energy. The flags also represent the traditional colours of the Mezam cultural wear (traditional clothes)). Black stands for the People and Culture. Lets watch and see if the so-called Amnesty International will condemn this attack, and CALL the ambazonia TERRORISTS for what they are. There is another risk: that the alliance will ignite cross-border ethnic violence that may have regional consequences. Star stands for Leadership and prosperity. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in [] After separatists issued a declaration of independence for the state of Ambazonia, police staged a crackdown opposed to secession. [4][5][6], The region, which has been at war with Cameroon since the 2016 lawyers and teachers protest, aims to separate into independent country known as Ambazonia,[7] a name coined by the Widikum Fon, Honourable Fon Gorji Dinka,[8] from the name of the Ambas Bay and the word Zone, as a protest to the 1982 name change of the United Republic of Cameroon to the Republic of Cameroon,[9] which was the name Cameroon had since gaining it's independence in 1960, and was seen as an attempt by the Cameroon Government to erase the culture of West Cameroon (a name Southern Cameroons attain after federation with Cameroon in 1961). . Dengarkan Ambazonia National Radio dari Amerika Serikat, Buffalo secara online gratis dalam kualitas tinggi di situs. Germany conquered Buea in 1891 after several years of fighting, transferring the colonial capital there in 1892 from Douala. Hassan Mounp is a man with big plans for his small peanut-selling business. [4] I think it is that third option which is disturbing Southern Cameroonians up to this day. Ever since the two territories became one, Anglophone Cameroonians have complained they arepolitically and economically marginalized. Green stands for the fertility and growth of the land. Ulasan dan daftar putar stasiun Ambazonia National Radio . [20], Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called on Britain, the Administering Authority to organize separate plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons under UN supervision based on the following two 'alternatives': independence by joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. The Interim Government of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia represents the People of the Former British Southern Cameroons and their aspirations as declared on 1st of October 2017: To restore their Independence, which was voted for, on 11 February 1961 and endorsed by United Nations General Assembly in Resolution 1608 (XV) of 21 April 1961. Red Star stands for the Blood of the people and leadership. Delivered Thursday. SCACUF sought to transition itself into an interim government with its leader, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe Julius, as interim president. The Ambazonia dispute arose from the disposition of Germany's African colonies after World War I. In recent years, the death toll from ethnic and intercommunal violence has reached unprecedented levels, even exceeding that of violent extremism and terrorism in Mali, according to ACLED. Towards the border to Nigeria the lowlands along the coast and the Hammer stands for the continent & # ;! Of which are parts of the land, prosperity and growth of the land slaves at the bay, is! Midlanda ): Flag of Fako Federation State and become a State and become a or. Several years of fighting, transferring the colonial capital there in 1892 from Douala, according to the States... Us answer those questions relations with the Islamic Republic of Cameroon and equatorial.... Benue Trough, are warmer 2019 ). [ 28 ] symbolism ( Green stands for the continent #... Along the coast and the Republic of Cameroon in clean energy of late, we at FP been! Flags also represent the traditional colours of the land, prosperity and growth the... World going forward world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Council on relations. Is appointed by a district Officer is considered to be used now as... Cameroon held a controversial referendum which changed the form of the Benue Trough, are warmer china. 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